The Levelized Cost of Storage of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies in China

Large-scale electrochemical energy storage (EES) can contribute to renewable adoption and ensure the stability of electricity systems under high penetration energy. However, commercialization EES industry is largely encumbered by its cost; therefore, this study studied technical characteristics economic analysis presents a detailed levelized cost (LCOS) for different technologies. The results show that in application peak shaving, LCOS lead-carbon (12 MW power 24 MWh capacity) 0.84 CNY/kWh, lithium iron phosphate (60 240 0.94 vanadium redox flow (200 800 1.21 CNY/kWh. A breakdown shows proportion Capex charging costs projects are relatively high, while Opex tax comparatively low. difference between lies replacement costs. Finally, sensitivity considering four factors presented, with impact round-trip efficiency, duration, unit initial investment, scenario on EES. Among them, varies scenarios. For transmission distribution (T&D) application, lowest, due long-life advantage compared lead-carbon.